The assignment has the objective to generate empirically robust evidence on how displaced people and host residents interact in local labor markets—including job search; skills matching; firm creation; and access to enabling services—and translate that evidence into concrete investments and policy reforms for inclusive urban development. The assignment will create an evidence base on how displacement reshapes urban labor markets in Ethiopia. It will map commuting patterns; skills; hiring practices; wage dynamics; and firm growth across 10 refugee hosting ULGs; then deep dive into two cities that exhibit distinct camp city relationships. Using a mix of household and enterprise surveys; mobile phone based mobility data; and participatory appraisal; the study will (i) quantify the economic spill overs—positive and negative—between camps and cities; (ii) identify the regulatory; spatial; and social frictions that block refugees; IDPs; and vulnerable hosts from decent work; and (iii) propose a shortlist of infrastructure; service delivery; and policy reforms that cities can implement or co finance with national and private actors. The work will feed directly into World Bank investment design; Ethiopia’s Human Settlements Pledge roadmap; and regional labor mobility discussions.