I. BackgroundPakistan experienced heavy monsoon rains; riverine; urban and flash flooding between June and September 2022; which displaced around 33 million people. As a result; Sindh has been disproportionately impacted by this event; causing severe social; economic; and structural damages and losses throughout the province; especially affecting the vulnerable groups; including women; disables; elderly and children. Over 12 million people have been affected; with more than 2.1 million houses damaged and 70% of the province submerged in the aftermath of the catastrophic flood.[1]The housing sector in Sindh particularly has been severely affected by the floods. To address this; the Government of Sindh (GoS) has launched a housing reconstruction programme to support households damaged by the 2022 floods. Under this initiative; the GoS is implementing a US$500 million World Bank-supported Sindh Flood Emergency Housing Reconstruction Project (SFEHRP).[2] A dedicated Section 42 company ¨C the ¡°Sindh Peoples Housing for Flood Affectees (SPHF)¡± has been established for the design and execution of this housing reconstruction program; and to serve as the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) for the project. [3] The objective of SFEHRP is to deliver beneficiary?driven; multi?hazard resilient reconstruction of core housing units affected by the 2022 floods in selected districts of Sindh.The major component of the project is the Housing Reconstruction Grants; which supports the provision of Housing Reconstruction Grants to Beneficiaries for owner-driven reconstruction and/or restoration of a core housing unit according to the multi?hazard resilient guidelines of the SPHF. To facilitate community-level outreach and engagements for the reconstruction of the houses; SPHF has partnered with five local NGOs as Implementation Partners (IPs) with strong and existing outreach and a proven track record of delivering disaster reconstruction programmes. The IPs are responsible for validation of affected households; continuous monitoring of on-field activities; guiding the beneficiaries in construction works; and carrying out milestone certifications as per duly approved technical guidelines. The project is in line with the World Bank¡¯s ¡°Build Back Better¡± approach; as highlighted in Priority 4 of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction adopted in 2015; reconstruction offers an opportunity to build more resilient societies. It also presents the opportunity to leverage technology and innovation to streamline delivery and efficiency. In that spirit; the project has established a state-of-the-art geo-enabled Management Information System (MIS) to systematically collect; analyze; and monitor every aspect of project implementation; including damage re-verification; case review and evaluation; detailed beneficiary level information; and fiduciary information.Building on this foundation; the project is exploring the piloting of drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or drone technology for remote supervision and leveraging innovative tools such as drone mapping. This pilot aims to demonstrate the potential for scaling up drone applications across the entire project to enhance efficiency; accuracy; and delivery in reconstruction efforts. Drones can significantly improve cost efficiency; quality; safety; and time savings in construction projects; enabling wide-scale spot-checks with limited human resource requirements.[4] Moreover; drone imagery offers substantial advantages for mapping in areas where access to recent or affordable satellite imagery is limited. Compared to open-source satellite imagery; drone imagery provides much higher spatial and temporal resolution and accuracy for automated monitoring and evaluation analytics; making it a valuable tool for monitoring and decision-making in reconstruction efforts.II. Objective The primary objective of this consultancy is to demonstrate the use of drone technology for automated detection of housing reconstruction progress in selected settlements; supporting the Bank team's monitoring and evaluation efforts. Specific objectives of this assignment include: Demonstrate the use of drone technology for monitoring housing reconstruction and WASH facilities progress: To collect and analysis high-resolution drone-based orthophoto and digital elevation model to monitor the progress of building construction and associated facilities under the project across selected housing settlements with low; medium and high density. Adopt and enhance open-source AI-Based models to automate drone image analysis for monitoring and analysis: To adopt and enhance an existing open-source AI model through training; calibration and validation with project-specific or similar data to automatically identify and classify building construction progress and features. This will generate analytical outputs; including comparative analysis with ground-based monitoring undertaken by SPHF and Third-Party Verification to