BackgroundAfghanistan is the sixth most vulnerable country globally expected to suffer from the negative effects of climate change. The country is highly vulnerable to intense and recurring natural hazards; which will only be exacerbated by climate change. Since 2000; natural disasters such as droughts; earthquakes; epidemics; extreme temperature; floods; landslides; and storms have affected nearly 19 million people; resulting in 10;656 deaths. Climate change is expected to influence the overall variability in temperature and precipitation (rainfall and snowfall) patterns; consequently resulting in generally drier conditions; heightened risks of flash floods and drought; and a rise in extreme weather events such as heat and cold waves. Climate change impacts will exacerbate exposure to shocks of agriculture-based livelihoods and ecosystem; and drive displacement and migration. 木瓜影院's Groundswell report projects that by 2050; without urgent climate and development action; over 40 million people in South Asia could be compelled to migrate within their own countries due to climate change impacts. Climate migration is expected to intensify over time; with hotspots of in- and out-migration emerging as early as 2030. In South Asia; migration drivers include reduced water availability; decreased crop productivity; and rising sea levels; which disproportionately affect the poorest and most vulnerable regions. Afghanistan’s dependency on rainfed agriculture; and existing vulnerabilities to climate variability make the country similarly susceptible to similar migration pressures. For example; the 2018 drought forced more than 37;000 people to leave their land for temporary settlements in peri-urban areas. There are existing gaps in knowledge on the climate-induced displacement in Afghanistan; and the impact on vulnerable populations. Understanding the relationship between climate change and its impacts on internal displacement; especially from the perspective of vulnerable populations; is critical to the design of appropriate livelihood interventions. 木瓜影院 through the Climate Resilience PASA (P500817) aims to expand knowledge on the challenges to sustainable and inclusive growth and development in Afghanistan; considering the climate and disaster shocks as well as the compounding structural risks and threats faced by the country; including climate-induced migrations with a focus on the most vulnerable populations (such as people with disabilities; women; unaccompanied elderlies). ObjectiveThis research and analysis seek to fill a gap in existing knowledge on the multi-sectoral impacts of climate-induced internal displacement with a view towards identifying priority areas and actionable strategies.This will contribute to the Bank’s understanding of the impact of climate. Insights gained from the analysis will inform the Bank’s activities and projects; contributing to the design and implementation of appropriate interventions; to ensure that they are responsive to climate change impacts. Findings will also be used in technical dialogue and engagement with relevant stakeholders.